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International Workingmen's Association
The International Workingmen's Association (IWA, 1864–1876), often called the First International, was an international organization which aimed at uniting a variety of different left-wing socialist, communist〔("Dictionary of politics: selected American and foreign political and legal terms" ). Walter John Raymond. p. 85. Brunswick Publishing Corp. 1992. Accessed January 27, 2010.〕 and anarchist political groups and trade union organizations that were based on the working class and class struggle. It was founded in 1864 in a workmen's meeting held in Saint Martin's Hall, London. Its first congress was held in 1866 in Geneva.
In Europe, a period of harsh reaction followed the widespread Revolutions of 1848. The next major phase of revolutionary activity began almost twenty years later with the founding of the IWA in 1864. At its peak, the IWA reported having 8 million members,〔"''Journal Officiel''", May 29, 1871 (official journal of IWA)〕 while police reported 5 million.〔Payne, Robert. "Marx: A Biography". Simon and Schuster. New York, 1968. p372〕
== Origins ==
Following the January Uprising in Poland in 1863, French and British workers started to discuss developing a closer working relationship. Henri Tolain, Perrachon, and Limousin visited London in July 1863, attending a meeting held in St. James’ Hall in honour of the Polish uprising. Here there was discussion of the need for an international organization, which would, amongst other things, prevent the import of foreign workers to break strikes. In September, 1864, some French delegates again visited London with the concrete aim of setting up a special committee for the exchange of information upon matters of interest to the workers of all lands.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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